We have succeeded in finding a model that can explain the regularities in the charge values of the elementary particles from an internal connection. This model traces all fermions of the standard model back to a universal elementary particle.
The universal elementary particle postulated by us has three inner axes, each of which rotates individually and also as a system of axes. The different possible rotational states of these inner axes can be unambiguously assigned to the known fermions of the Standard Model. The weak, strong and electric charges of the particles result from the rotational states. The bosons of the Standard Model, with the exception of the Higgs boson, can also be integrated into the model. The exchange particles of the strong and electroweak interactions mediate changes in the internal rotational states of the fermions, with the exception of the Z boson and the photon.
A detailed description of this Model of a universal elementary particle is attached as a PDF document.
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Assessment
Strengths:
A model that can explain the regularities that appear in the standard model of elementary particles and that can trace the known particles back to a single universal elementary particle is very intriguing. Whether the model is just an intellectual gimmick or has real explanatory value should be shown by whether the further integration of known physical phenomena is successful. It should also be possible to empirically test some of the consequences and predictions of the model - for example, the postulated binding mechanism of fermions to bosons, or the assumed subtypes of photons and W bosons.
Weaknesses:
By the authors' own admission, the model is incomplete. It does not include the physical concepts of mass, energy, and momentum, and thus does not describe electromagnetism and gravitation. It also lacks concepts from the theory of electroweak interactions, such as the Weinberg angle and the CKM mixing matrix of quarks. Furthermore, the nature of the postulated three axes of the universal particle remains in the dark.
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