Problems can never be solved with the same mindset,
that created them.Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)
Over the past 500 years, the science of physics has limited itself to recording what happens in nature using measuring instruments and describing the relationships found using mathematical formulae. Therefore today's physics cannot explain the nature of things nor the genesis of physical laws. Both issues are considered taboo. However, it will not be possible to avoid addressing these issues if we want to further unify physical theories.
Space and time play a special role in all physical theories, because they are implicitly presupposed in all physical theories. Physical theories can only be applied in practice if we know what 'here' and 'now' mean.
The ancient Greeks already had the idea that the diversity of phenomena in the world could be traced back to indivisible atoms, the combination of which makes up the various substances in our everyday world. Indeed, chemists in the 18th and 19th centuries were able to trace all substances back to 92 different types of atoms. However, it turned out that atoms are not really indivisible but are made up of even smaller components, the electrons in the atomic shell and the protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus, each of which is made up of three quarks.
Our considerations on the system theory of stability suggest the hypothesis that the basal elementary particles can be seen as autonomous agents. This means that they have different movement options at any given moment, evaluate these options according to an evaluation standard and then decide on the “optimal” variant.
We want to leave behind the container theory of space and time on which physical theories have been based up to now. To do this, we need to unveil two great mysteries: What characterizes the present as “now”? And what drives the flow of time? In order to get closer to an answer to these questions, we want to conduct a thought experiment.
We have become accustomed to thinking of observation and measurement as typically human activities. A theory of elementary particles as autonomous agents, on the other hand, must be a theory that describes how elementary particles acquire information and adjust their behavior accordingly. Observation must therefore be transferred to the level of elementary particles.
The modern mathematical description of physics focuses on symmetries. Physical theories are considered beautiful because of their symmetries. What are these symmetries and where do they come from?
Classical mechanics is based on the everyday understanding of space and time that everyone can observe. According to it, space and time form the stage of world events, where space is three-dimensional, homogeneous, and isotropic in all directions. Time is one-dimensional and progresses uniformly.
The critical observer is left with the impression that cosmology today is in a similar situation as it was at the time of the epicycle theory. In order to keep the observational data in line with the generally accepted laws of physics, hypothetical auxiliary assumptions such as dark matter and dark energy have been introduced for which there is no direct evidence. This situation is extremely questionable from an epistemological point of view. It is reasonable to suspect that the common interpretations of essential astronomical observations have led us astray. We therefore want to see if alternative interpretations can be found for the astronomical observations that are central to our current cosmology, which open up other paths.
We have not yet presented a fully developed theory so far, but have deduced from higher-level considerations in which direction interested physicists should look.
